Hybrid electric vehicle Essay Example for Free

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay Product: The #1 selling hybrid is the Toyota Prius Hybrid. Toyota is already on its third generation of the Prius. The gas/electric Prius hybrid retains its lock on this category for the fifth straight year. Despite lots of new hybrid models, the Toyota Prius 44 mpg (overall) is still the best in any five-passenger car. The interior is roomy and versatile, and the Prius has proven to be very reliable. Other Hybrid cars include the Honda Insight Hybrid, Toyota Camry Hybrid; SUV’s include the Ford Escape Hybrid and the Chevrolet Equinox Hybrid. Luxury SUV’s included the Cadillac Escalade Hybrid and Lexus RX 400h. Current hybrid cars can get up to 60 miles to the gallon on the highway. In addition to fuel economy, they boast lower emissions and depreciation than gasoline-powered cars. Environmentalists embrace hybrid cars as a solution to todays pollution problems. Despite tough economic times and a shrinking US vehicle market, demand for hybrids continues to outpace the overall market. Price: The 2010 Toyota Hybrid price ranges from $22,800 $28,070. Toyota sold 271 of its $US38, 000 Prius cars in China last year. Overall passenger-car sales in the nation totaled 10. 3 million. Hybrid sales; as a percentage of all new car sales—are likely to remain flat from 2008 levels at about 2. 5 percent. But considering the overall car market is shrinking in 2009, the total number of hybrid sales will drop to about 250,000. The Toyota Prius the third-generation version that debuted in January; will continue to be the biggest seller. Compared to the Prius, the Honda Insight Hybrid price is $19,800 $23,100. And the Toyota Camry hybrid sells for $26,400. Demand for good is elastic: The Toyota Prius Hybrid would be very elastic because we dont have to buy that brand of car we have lots of substitutes such as the Honda Insight Hybrid or Ford Escape Hybrid. Determinants of Demand: 1. Substitutes (814,173 Toyota Prius units registered by December 2009) †¢Conventional cars, public transportation, trains †¢Only 7 percent of Americans take public transportation to work †¢Higher gas prices will help hybrid car sales †¢The 2009 Honda Insight, a compact which emphasizes affordability. The Honda Insight, billed as the cheapest gasoline-electric hybrid on the market, ranked as the top-selling vehicle in Japan for April 2009 2. Overseas Markets: The Prius first went on sale in Japan in 1997, making it the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle. It was subsequently introduced worldwide in 2001. The Prius is sold in more than 40 countries and regions, with its largest markets being those of Japan and North America. In May 2008, global cumulative Prius sales reached the milestone 1 million vehicle mark, and by early 2010, the Prius reached worldwide cumulative sales of 1. 6 million units. As the global top seller market, the U. S. made up more than half the Prius sold worldwide, with 814,173 units registered by December 2009. In Japan, it is reported that Toyota cut the price of Prius from 2. 331 million yen to 2. 05 million yen to compete with Honda Insight. Toyotas goal is to sell about 400,000 units annually around the globe and 180,000 units in the U. S. by 2010. 3. Income: Hybrid drivers have higher income, much higher than the average car buyer. In 2004, J. D. Power reported that hybrid owner incomes are $100,000 a year versus $85,000 a year for the average buyer. In a 2007 survey of 118 Prius drivers by Topline Strategy Group, 71 percent of respondents earned more than $100,000 per year. 4. Demographics: Hybrid drivers are a few years older than the average car buyer—closer to 50 rather than the average age of 40. J. D. Power’s 2007 review of auto industry marketing showed that only 2 percent of hybrid owners are 24 or younger; while 29 percent are between 45 and 54; and 33 percent are 55 and older. The 2007 Scarborough Research pegged the number of age 50+ hybrid drivers at 23 percent. 5. Consumer Preference: demand and gas prices for the most popular hybrid and best-known fuel-efficient compact car, the only U. S. model to exclusively offer every trim as a hybrid: the Toyota Prius. Prius leads the compact car segment in share of segment interest. The compact car segment has grown from 26% of the market in July of 2007 (peak summer gas prices) to over 33% today. 6. Convenience: Efficiency Hybrid cars are electrically operated and are thus able to function well and consistently at any motor speed. This is in contrast to conventional gas-powered engines, which tend to produce less power in low revolutions per minute episodes. Hybrid cars do not need to use transmissions to make their engines run at full capacity even at reduced speeds. Economy One of the advantages of hybrid cars is that the feature called regenerative braking. Since a hybrid car works using both electric power and fuel power, each can function by itself or conjunction, depending on which is stronger at the time of use. This means that both engines complement each other and do not simply bog one when one of them becomes weaker. Convenience Because hybrid cars are part battery powered, they do not create huge holes on the pocket, compares to users of traditional cars who feel the pain of the continuing oil price increases. Determinants of Supply: 1. Resource Prices: In 2008, when oil hit $147 a barrel and the price of gasoline exceeded $4 a gallon, US buyers made a massive shift away from large SUVs to small fuel-efficient cars and hybrids. But US consumers returned to larger vehicles, and driving more miles, when prices dropped. The return of triple-digit oil prices is expected to bring renewed interest in the most fuel-efficient vehicles on the market, such as hybrids and plug-in vehicles expected in late 2010. The percentage of hybrids COMPARED to auto sales is seen in the graph below. 2. Technological Changes: The varieties of hybrid electric designs can be differentiated by the structure of the hybrid vehicle drivetrain, the fuel type, and the mode of operation. In 2007, several automobile manufacturers announced that future vehicles will use aspects of hybrid electric technology to reduce fuel consumption without the use of the hybrid drivetrain. Regenerative braking can be used to recapture energy and stored to power electrical accessories, such as air conditioning. Shutting down the engine at idle can also be used to reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions without the addition of a hybrid drivetrain. In both cases, some of the advantages of hybrid electric technology are gained while additional cost and weight may be limited to the addition of larger batteries and starter motors. 3. Labor Costs: Most experts agree a replacement hybrid car battery can range anywhere from $1,000 to more than $6,000, depending on the year and model of car, and without including dealership or independent labor costs. While this may seem like a big expense, car makers are set on reducing prices. Basically, car manufacturers want their products to succeed. Failures in performance hinder that success, so most hybrid car batteries are designed to last the lifetime of the automobile. The state of charge, temperature and longevity in each battery are carefully managed by automakers who know full well that any setback could throw a wrench into the growth of the still relatively nascent hybrid market. 4. Producer Expectations: Toyota Motor Corp. will invest in two U. S. plants to keep up with the growing demand for its eco-friendly stalwart. This is a major step for Toyota’s overall goal to reach 1 million hybrid vehicles annually for the global marketplace. It aims to hit this number within the next five to seven years. Honda has also ramped up its green car plans with an affordable small hybrid expected for next year. The carmaker forecasts annual global sales in the 200,000 unit range, with half of those sales coming from the United States. Honda is striving to elevate its total global hybrid output number to 500,000, a significant boost over the 55,000 cars it produced in 2007. If-Then 1. If the price of gasoline increases then the demand of hybrid cars will increase 2. If the Toyota Prius Hybrid remains at #1, then other Hybrid automakers like Honda and Ford will have a decrease in Hybrid sales. 3. If the price of Hybrid cars increases, the demand will decrease. 4. If U. S income increases, Hybrid sales may increase for better fuel efficiency. Elasticity Estimates: 1. As demand increases for hybrid cars, the technology should become more affordable, especially for subsequent model years. While it is unlikely that prices will decrease dramatically, prices probably will not increase either, as the cars will become more efficient to build. This will, in the long run, lead to more affordable hybrid cars. In the end, affordable hybrid vehicles could provide a big boost to the ailing automobile industry. 2. Higher production volumes may lead to lower hybrid vehicle costs and prices. Every little bit of supply will be needed with hybrids becoming hot sellers. In the past automakers had limited supply with the increase of demand, but since there are so many automakers who make hybrids, supply is no longer an issue. It is much easier now to find the Toyota Prius versus in 2007. Supply and Demand Curves Incomes increase The price of gasoline decreases The graph below demonstrates the Hybrid market, car market, petrol market and the oil market. Market Structure: The automobile industry in the United States is an oligopoly because only six firms (General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Honda, Toyota, and Nissan) account for almost 90% of U. S. Automobile sales. Barriers to Entry: The recent economic crisis has provided an impetus to a massive structural change in the auto industry, setting the stage for growth over the next decade. Given the high barriers to entry and the need for scale economies, the global auto industry landscape is expected to be ruled by global automakers and suppliers based in the six major auto markets – China, India, Japan, Korea, Western Europe and the U. S. Foreign Competition: In the world of hybrid cars, there is Toyota and everybody else when it comes to sales. Toyota sold 195,545 hybrids in the US in 2009, largely led by 139,682 Prius hybrid sales. Still, even without the Prius, Toyota still sold significantly more hybrids than did either Ford or Honda. The Toyota Prius II hybrid has the highest fuel economy of any comparable hybrid model. The Toyota Prius II hybrid gets 51 miles per gallon in the city and 48 miles per gallon on the highway. This far exceeds its competition, the Honda Insight, which gets 40/43 miles per gallon city and highway, and the Honda Civic hybrid, which gets 40/45 city and highway. The MSRP for the Toyota Prius II is $23,150, which is about a little more than $2,000 higher than the Honda Insight but about $1,000 lower than the Honda Civic hybrid. Government: The purchase of hybrid electric cars qualifies for a federal income tax credit up to $3,150 on the purchasers Federal income taxes. The tax credit is to be phased out two calendar quarters after the manufacturer reaches 60,000 new cars sold in the following manner: it will be reduced to 50% ($1700) if delivered in either the third or fourth quarter after the threshold is reached, to 25% ($850) in the fifth and sixth quarters, and 0% thereafter. Hybrid Tax Credit (bill): AB 174/SB 90 would create an income and franchise tax credit of up to $1,000 for the amount of sales and use tax paid on the purchase or lease of a hybrid vehicle that has an EPA rating of at least 40 mpg or an EPA rating that is at least 15 percent greater than the same non-hybrid model. The credit may be claimed for sales and use tax paid during the 2007 to 2011 taxable years. The senate bill would extend the credit to the purchase or lease of flex-fuel vehicles that are E85 capable. Introduced and referred to committee 03/12/07. Failed to pass before the end of the legislative session. Sources: http://online. wsj. com/mdc/public/page/2_3022-autosales. html#autosalesD http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Toyota_Prius http://www. hybridcars. com/hybrid-drivers/profile-of-hybrid-drivers. html http://www. hybridcars. com/frontpage http://www. hybrid-car. org/ http://go. ucsusa. org/hybridcenter/incentives. cfm#WI http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hybrid_tax_credit http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle.

Mother and Daughter Relationships in Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret

Mother and Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret Senses   Ã‚  Ã‚   In life, many things can be taken for granted - especially the things that mean the most to you. You just might not realize it until you've lost it all. As I walk down the road finishing up my teenage days, I slowly have been finding a better understanding of my mother. The kind of bond that mothers and daughters have is beyond hard to describe. It's probably the biggest rollercoaster ride of emotions that I'll ever have the chance to live through in my lifetime. But, for those of us who are lucky enough to survive the ride in one piece, it's an amazing learning experience that will influence your entire future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Amy Tan's novels, The Joy Luck Club, and A Hundred Secret Senses, she describes relationships between mothers and daughters reflecting on her own parents experiences in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Four mothers, four daughters, four families... whose histories shift with the four winds depending on who's "telling" the stories. In 1949, four Chinese women, recent   immigrants to San Francisco, begin meeting to talk, eat dim sum, and play mahjong.. As June's mother said, "Idea was to have a gathering of   four women, one for each corner of the mahjong table" (Joy p.32) Being together in shared unspeakable loss and hope, they call themselves the Joy   Luck Club. Instead of sinking into tragedy, they choose to gather and raise their spirits. "To despair was to wish back for something already lost. Or to prolong what was already unbearable." (Joy p.134) In other words, why sit back and keep pondering the tragedy, it's better to let the past go, and move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Joy Luck Club, Tan examines the sometimes painful, often t... ...ring a closer relationship to their families.    Works Cited and Consulted "Biography of Amy Tan." DIScovering Authors Modules. 1998. GaleNet. "Criticism, Amy Tan" DIScovering Authors, Gale Research Inc, 1996. Buck, Claire. "Amy Tan." The Bloomsbury Guide to Womens Literature. Pg1065 Great Britian: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1992. Shear, Walter. "Generational Differences and the Diaspora in The Joy Luck Club." in <>Critique. Volume 34, No3, Spring 1993 pp 193-99.(on GaleNet Tan Amy. The Hundred Secret Senses, New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1996 Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1994 Willard, Nancy. "Tiger Spirits." in The Women's Review of Books. Vol.6, Nos. 10-11, July 1989, pg12.(on GaleNet) *Amy Tan interview was conducted on the front cover of the hard cover copy addition of The Joy Luck Club.   

Balance Sheet For Microsoft Corporation Accounting Essay

Microsoft is the most outstanding engineering corporation in the universe that deals with computing machines, † With one-year grosss of more than $ 32 billion, Microsoft Corporation is more than the largest package company in the universe: it is a cultural phenomenon. The company ‘s nucleus concern is based on developing, fabrication, and licencing package merchandises, including runing systems, waiter applications, concern and consumer applications, and package development tools, every bit good as Internet package, engineerings, and services † . ( http: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/14/Microsoft-Corporation.htmlA A A A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.redciencia.cu/empres/Intempres2000/Sitio/Principal/Conferencias/CUBA_Inteligencia % 20Empresarial/victor/bcrc6.htm †The name of the celebrated individual – Bill Gates comes in one ‘s head with reference of the name of Microsoft. He is the laminitis of the company and is believed to be the smartest coders of all time. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ ) . Led by him, Microsoft had witnessed its flowers and has been able to hold its merchandise on about every personal computing machine in the universe, and in the procedure making criterions in the engineering industry every bit good as market re-definition. †Gates was foremost exposed to computing machines at school in the late 60 ‘s with his friend Paul Allen. At 14 ; Gates and he ‘s friend were composing and proving computing machine plans. In 1972 they established their first company, Traf-O-Data, which sold a fundamental computing machine that, recorded and analyzed traffic informations. He ‘s friend went on to analyze computing machine scientific discipline at the University of Washington and so dropped out to work at Honeywell, while Gates enrolled at Harvard. In 1975, Gates and Allen wrote a version of BASIC for the new Altair personal computer kit merely released by MITS Computer. Later that twelvemonth Gates left college to work full clip developing programming linguistic communications for the Altair, and he and Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be close MITS Computer, where Allen took a place as manager of package development. Gates and Allen named their partnership Micro-soft † . ( http: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) . The word Microsoft was developed from two different words, micro from personal computer and soft from package. The name was registered in New Mexico in November 1976. On November 1978, the first international office of Microsoft was established in Japan and its name was ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) . It is now known as Microsoft Japan. In January 1979 the company ‘s central office was moved to Bellevue Washington. ( http: //www.bighistory.net/microsoft-a-short-history/ ) . In the early 80 ‘s, Microsoft witnessed a period of great success when IBM contracted the company to develop an operating system for its personal computing machines ( Personal computer ) , which was underway. In the late 80 ‘s Microsoft issued IPOs ( initial public offering ) of over two million portions and in the infinite of one twelvemonth the monetary value or the portions tripled and in the procedure doing Gates a billionaire at about 30 old ages of age. Harmonizing to Richard B, McKenzie ( 2000 ) †Microsoft bases accused of seeking to widen its market laterality by bear downing the lowest of all monetary values for its browser Internet Explorer † . Nonetheless ; the company had tonss of other critics and legal instances against it from rivals and the likes. Microsoft success was further heightened by the tech bubble of the 2000 following the release of the Windowss XP, windows 2000, the acquisition of Visio corporation which stood as the largest acquisition in the life of Microsoft so far with dealing value of about One and half a billion dollars. The company besides spread its tentacles into the universe of bet oning with their popularly known X-BOX which has remained a success boulder clay day of the month. ( http: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.html ) .DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE OVERTIMECardinal Dates:1975: Microsoft is founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen ; they sell BASIC, the first Personal computer computing machine linguistic communication plan to MITS Computer, Microsoft ‘s first client. 1981: Microsoft, Inc. is incorporated ; IBM uses Microsoft ‘s 16-bit operating system for its first personal computing machine. 1982: Microsoft, U.K. , Ltd. is incorporated. 1983: Paul Allen resigns as executive vice-president but remains on the board ; Jon Shirley is made president of Microsoft ( he subsequently becomes CEO ) ; Microsoft introduces the Microsoft Mouse and Word for MS-DOS 1.00. 1985: Microsoft and IBM forge a joint development understanding. 1986: Microsoft stock goes public at $ 21 per portion. 1987: The Company ‘s first CD-ROM application, Microsoft Bookshelf, is released. 1990: Jon Shirley retires as president and CEO ; Michael R. Hallman is promoted in Shirley ‘s topographic point ; the company becomes the first Personal computer package house to excel $ 1 billion of gross revenues in a individual twelvemonth. 1992: Bill Gates is awarded the National Medal of Technology for Technological Achievement. 1993: The Company introduces Windows NT. 1995: Bill Gates publishes his first book, The Road Ahead. 1996: The Company acquires Vermeer Technologies and its package application, FrontPage. 1997: The Justice Department alleges that Microsoft violated a 1994 consent edict refering licencing the Windows runing system to computing machine makers. 1998: The U.S. Department of Justice files two antimonopoly instances against Microsoft, avering the company had violated the Sherman Act. 2000: The Company acquires Visio Corporation, its largest acquisition to day of the month. 2001: Microsoft Windows XP is released internationally. 2003: Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003. 2007: Microsoft launches Windows view 2009: Microsoft launches windows 7 Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Microsoft-Corporation-Company-History.htmlBalance sheet for Microsoft Corporation as at 30th June 2010. ( Annually )Assetss [ + ] in Millions of Dollars06/201006/200906/200806/200706/2006Cash and Equivalents 5,505 6,076 10,339 6,111 6,714 Restrictable Cash–––––Marketable Securities 31,283 25,371 13,323 17,300 27,447 Histories Receivable 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Loans Receivable–––––Other Receivables–––––Receivabless 13,014 11,192 13,589 11,338 9,316 Inventories, Raw Materials 172 170 417 435 465 Inventories, Work in Progress 16 45 31 148–Inventories, Purchased Components–––––Inventories, Finished Goods 552 502 537 544 1,013 Inventories, Other–––––Inventories, Adjustments & A ; Allowances–––––Inventories 740 717 985 1,127 1,478 Prepaid Expenses–––––Current Deferred Income Taxes 2,184 2,213 2,017 1,899 1,940 Other Current Assetss 2,950 3,711 2,989 2,393 2,115Entire Current Assets55,67649,28043,24240,16849,010Land and Improvements 526 526 518 428 362 Buildings and Improvement 8,187 7,824 6,030 4,247 3,146 Machinery, Furniture and Equipment 7,546 6,732 5,996 4,691 3,715 Construction in Advancement–––––Fixed Assets, Other–––––Fixed Assets, Entire 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Gross Fixed Assetss 16,259 15,082 12,544 9,366 7,223 Accumulated Depreciation ( 8,629 ) ( 7,547 ) ( 6,302 ) ( 5,016 ) ( 4,179 ) Net Fixed Assetss 7,630 7,535 6,242 4,350 3,044 Intangibles 1,158 1,759 1,973 878 539 Cost in Excess 12,394 12,503 12,108 4,760 3,866 Non-Current Deferred Income Taxes–279 949 1,389 2,611 Other Non-Current Assetss 9,255 6,532 8,279 11,626 10,527Entire Non-Current Assetss30,43728,60829,55123,00320,587Entire Assetss86,11377,88872,79363,17169,597Liabilitiess [ + ] in Millions of Dollars06/201006/200906/200806/200706/2006Histories Collectible 4,207 5,008 4,034 3,247 2,909 Short Term Debt 1,000 2,000–––Notes Collectible–––––Accrued Expenses–––––Accrued Liabilitiess 3,283 3,156 2,934 2,325 1,938 Deferred Grosss 13,652 13,003 13,397 10,779 9,138 Current Deferred Income Taxes––––1,557 Other Current Liabilitiess 4,005 3,867 9,521 7,403 6,900Entire Current Liabilitiess26,14727,03429,88623,75422,442Long Term Debt 4,939 3,746–––Deferred Income Tax 229––––Other Non-Current Liabilitiess 8,623 7,550 6,621 8,320 7,051 Minority Interest–––––Capital Lease Obligations–––––Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust–––––Preferred Equity Outside Shareholders ‘ Equity–––––Entire Non-Current Liabilitiess13,79111,2966,6218,3207,051Entire Liabilitiess39,93838,33036,50732,07429,493Preferred Shareholder ‘s Equity–––––Common Shareholder ‘s Equity 46,175 39,558 36,286 31,097 40,104 Common Par 62,856 62,382 62,849––Additional Paid in Capital–––60,557 59,005 Accumulative Translation Adjustments–––149–Retained Net incomes ( 16,681 ) ( 22,824 ) ( 26,563 ) ( 31,114 ) ( 20,130 ) Treasury Stock–––––Other Equity Adjustments–––1,505 1,229 Entire Capitalization 51,114 43,304 36,286 31,097 40,104Entire Equity46,17539,55836,28631,09740,104Entire Liabilities & A ; Shareholder ‘s Equity86,11377,88872,79363,17169Closing monetary value = $ 25.51 Volume sold =25.16m Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/main/dsdata? dsid=2940 & A ; templateid=0 & A ; cid=27590212 & A ; qm_page=30703. [ Accessed, 4 April 2011 ] . The balance sheet above gives a brief sum-up of the plus and liabilities of Microsoft at a glimpse, it is evident that Microsoft has been able to keep plus at a greater proportion than liabilities overtime. The company has a good mix of debt and equity, for every $ 1 owned it is borrowing less than 90 cents. This shows that the company is non excessively leveraged and less hazardous while besides basking some degree of revenue enhancement shield from the purchase. Microsoft has a good opportunity of go oning into a traveling concern in the nearest foreseeable hereafter because its capital construction shows more of a residuary ownership. With more descriptive statistics, we can besides analyze the public presentation of Microsoft on a monthly footing from the twelvemonth 1988- 2009 utilizing returns ( unit % ) See excel for descriptive statistics. Microsoft return ( unit % ) Market return ( unit % ) Mean 0.021622876 Mean 0.857870722 Standard Error 0.00618845 Standard Error 0.269942879 Median 0.022084196 Median 1.41 Manner 0.064221396 Manner 1.78 Standard Deviation 0.100359793 Standard Deviation 4.377737838 Sample Variance 0.010072088 Sample Variance 19.16458858 Kurtosis 1.421423202 Kurtosis 1.709578314 Lopsidedness 0.366537791 Lopsidedness -0.812673531 Scope 0.751310392 Scope 29.51 Minimum -0.343529412 Minimum -18.46 Maximum 0.40778098 Maximum 11.05 Sum 5.686816298 Sum 225.62 Count 263 Count 263 From the descriptive statistics above, Microsoft has a positive lopsidedness unlike the market whose lopsidedness is negative, this indicates that Microsoft has a better flow or return than the market. It could besides be noted that Microsoft is ( 1 ) criterion divergence off from its average whereas the market is ( 4 ) criterion divergence off from its mean, this means that the returns of Microsoft had non been excessively volatile over the old ages and return on stocks are less hazardous.COMPARISON OF MOCROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH S & A ; P 500 ( MARKET ) USING T-TESTSee t-test on Excel H0: Microsoft did non surpass the market H1: Microsoft outperformed the market t-Test: Paired Two Sample for MeansAVariable 1 Variable 2 Mean 0.021622876 0.857870722 Discrepancy 0.010072088 19.16458858 Observations 263 263 Pearson Correlation 0.539530773 Hypothesized Average Difference 0 df 262 T Stat -3.136067434 P ( T & lt ; =t ) one-tail 0.000953757 t Critical one-tail 1.650690284 P ( T & lt ; =t ) two-tail 0.001907515 t Critical two-tail 1.969059657ADecision: From the t-Test above, since the t-stats is greater in value than the t -critical ( irrespective of the -ve mark ) , we need to accept the alternate hypothesis ( H1 ) which says that Microsoft outperformed the market and reject the Null hypothesis ( H0 ) which says that Microsoft did non surpass the market. We can besides deduce this decision by looking at the P- value, here we can see that the p- value is less than the significance degree of.05, therefore we need to accept the alternate hypothesis ( H1 ) .Analysis OF MICROSOFT PERFORMANCE WITH CAPMArrested development Statisticss Multiple R 0.258985259 R Square 0.067073365 Adjusted R Square 0.063498933 Standard Error 0.185690508 Observations 263 Analysis of varianceAdf United states secret service Multiple sclerosis F Significance F Arrested development 1 0.647027164 0.647027164 18.764764 2.11102E-05 Residual 261 8.999531777 0.034480965 Entire 262 9.646558942AAAACoefficients Standard Error T Stat P-value Lower 95 % Upper 95 % Lower 95.0 % Upper 95.0 % Intercept -0.32415329 0.011530623 -28.1123831 6.17385E-81 -0.346858177 -0.30145 -0.34686 -0.30145 X Variable 1 0.011371441 0.002625088 4.331831484 2.11102E-05 0.006202393 0.01654 0.006202 0.01654 CAPM: – Tocopherol ( R ) =RF+I? [ RM-RF ] By replacing the CAPM expression into the arrested development, we have Y= I ±+I?x+e Y = dependant variable I ± = intercept I? = co-efficient of independent variable vitamin E =error When x=0, I ± is an estimation of Y, so extra return of Microsoft would be given as: Excess return= -0.32415329+0.011371441+0.185690508 Adjusted R Square = 0.063498933 The adjusted R Square indicates that 6.3 % of the variableness in the extra return of Microsoft is explained by the market. I.e. for every per centum alteration of return in the market, Microsoft ‘s return alterations by 6.3 % .DecisionMicrosoft

The Food Industry And Its Impact On The Society - 1490 Words

Half a century ago, farm animals were raised on open fields, breathing fresh air, and grazing on pastures. Today, over 99% of farm animals in the U.S. are raised in industrialized factory farms, which focus on profit and efficiency as opposed to the animal’s welfare. The industry has forgotten the importance of the animals’ health and wellbeing and has become obsessed with profit to the point that it is negatively impacting the animals in the industry. The food industry needs to be reformed to return the focus of the farms to the animals in order to protect them from cruel and inhumane treatment or practices. The wide open fields that farm animals used to be raised on are a thing of the past. In order for the factory farms to make more profit, they confine the animals to limited space because the less room they take up, the higher their profit to land ratio is. 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The rush of today’s society has pushed food production to become more commercialized with prepackaged/premadeRead MoreThe Popularity Of The Fast Food Industry1316 Words   |  6 PagesWhile the idea of eating outside of the home has been around for a considerable length of time, the fast food industry as we probably am aware it didn t get its begin until the post-WWII American financial blast. Americans started to spend increasingly and purchase more as the economy blasted and a society of consumerism blossomed. As an aftereffect of this new yearning to have everything, combined with the steps made by ladies while the men were away, both individuals from the family unit startedRead MoreReview of Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation780 Words   |  3 PagesFast food nation We live in a world that is in a continuous process of transformation, considering that progress manages to control all the aspects of individuals life. Being part of a society which is always changing makes it essential for people have to adapt to all these aspects. One of the biggest problems for the American society is that it has no time to eat, since it is always on the run. Fast food came as the greatest solution for this problem. Since the process of modernization of theRead MoreBlame For Obesity1279 Words   |  6 PagesWho is to blame for American Obesity?   Ã‚  Ã‚   Obesity is a well-known epidemic in the the United States and in the world. Fast food industries are a common source to cause of obesity due to advertisements and lack of labeling many of their products, which all lead on an effect towards the youth population, otherwise known as the new generation. Society has conformed to unhealthy eating in not just adults but also children , this is due to the fact the that they are being influenced by those around themRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal848 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser writes about the fast food industry. However, his book is not merely an expose of the fast food industry but is even more a consideration of how the fast food industry has shaped and defined American society in America and for other nations as America exports its fast food culture to others. Schlosser describes a great deal of American culture to th e fast food mentality, and he finds that globalization is taking the fast food culture around the worldRead MoreStrategic Management-Whole Food Market Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Management-Whole Food Market Whole Foods Market competes in the industry of grocery products. As it come to light from the study his industry is highly competitive. This market’s traites are the low prices and convenience are the dominant factors driving consumers to the supermarkets today. The emergence of the supermarkets in the 1930s was result of a three major changes in society: 1.,The shift in population from rural to urban areas.; 2., An increase in disponsable income.; 3., Increase